![]() Patients with proximal humerus fracture experience severe pain, swelling, and restricted motion of the shoulder. In addition to above, another type of proximal humerus fractures is two, three, and four part fractures, a fracture cause multiple fragmentation of the proximal humerus. These fractures occur in younger individuals by significant trauma whereas a mild traumatic injury can cause fracture in elderly individuals with osteoporosis. Humeral head fractures: Humeral head fractures are very often in elderly individuals and chances are more in those with osteoporotic bone.These fractures also damage the axillary nerve that carries sensory information from shoulder. ![]() Surgical neck fractures: Fractures of the surgical neck are most common in patients with osteoporotic bone.If left untreated, these fractures cause subscapularis muscle (stabilizer and mobilizer muscle) deficiency and requires a major muscle transfer procedure. Lesser tuberosity fractures: These fractures often caused by posterior shoulder dislocations or traumatic muscle contractions by electrical shock or convulsions.Direct impact to the shoulder causes the tuberosity bone to break into multiple fragments Partial rotator cuff tears often accompany non-displaced fractures and these fractures can be diagnosed using MRI or diagnostic arthroscopy. Greater tuberosity fragment is pulled off when cuff muscle contracts or anterior shoulder dislocates. Greater tuberosity fractures are less common and are seen in cases of shoulder dislocations and in those with osteoporosis. Greater tuberosity fractures: Greater tuberosity is the insertion site for attachment of rotator cuff tendons.Proximal humerus fractures can be categorized into 4 groups: In younger individuals a severe trauma can cause these fractures. Fractures are caused by traumatic injuries such as a fall on outstretched hand from greater heights or motor vehicle accidents. Fractures of proximal humerus are common in elderly individuals suffering from osteoporosis. The proximal humerus is the upper end of arm bone that forms shoulder joint. Humerus is the upper arm bone and it forms two joints -shoulder joint and elbow joint.
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